LSAT Analytical Reasoning: Complete Guide + Sample Questions

LSAT Analytical Reasoning Logic Games

Before discussing the specific types of questions you’ll see in the LSAT analytical reasoning section, it’s essential to go over the three main types of logic games you’ll encounter. Almost every logic game will fall under these three categories, so you must know how to identify them to solve them quickly!

As these LSAT AR logic games require you to look at various rules at once, you should always create diagrams to visualize how these rules work and to make deductions. Each type of question is best suited for a different kind of diagram.

Ordering Relationships 

These setups require you to arrange or order elements by time, ranking, or placement. 

The number of elements you are given can either exactly match the number of spots you have to arrange them into or not. For instance, you might have to place six people into a five-day chore schedule–meaning that two people will have to complete their chores on the same day to satisfy the rules. 

Sample Question

To get a better understanding of how these types of questions look, here is a sample ordering question: 

Seven piano students - T, U, V, W, X, Y, and Z - are to give a recital, and their instructor is deciding the order in which they will perform. Each student will play exactly one piece, a piano solo. In deciding the order of performance, the instructor must observe the following restrictions:

1. X cannot play first or second.
2. W cannot play until X has played.
3. Neither T nor Y can play seventh.
4. Either Y or Z must play immediately after W plays.
5. V must play either immediately after or immediately before U plays.

T, U, V, W, X, Y, and Z are the seven players you’ll be expected to order. “The order in which they will perform” is the signal language that tells you this is an ordering setup since you must decide the sequence in which the players will perform.

Setting Up Your Diagram

To answer analytical reasoning questions with the most accuracy and speed, you’ll need to draw diagrams to organize the rules and elements. On your diagram, you should write out all the elements and create blank spaces where you’ll be placing these elements. 

The most common way to diagram ordering setups is by first listing all of the players on your page. If the question uses full names or words, you can write the first alphabet of each variable. Then, set up blank spots corresponding to the number of spots you need.

Below is an example of how the diagram for the above sample question would look using this method:

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As you can see, the piano students are listed in red, with seven blank spots drawn to determine the order of the students. The blue numbers one to seven were logically deduced based on the number of students performing. 

Most diagrams should be horizontally drawn like this. However, some diagrams should be vertical, such as those involving floor levels. This is because these questions will use language such as “A lives above B” or “D cannot live below C.” A vertical diagram allows better visualization of these rules. 

Grouping Relationships

Grouping setups will require you to group elements into separate teams. 

Some groupings will be even, like six people being divided equally into three groups. Other times, you’ll encounter odd groupings where you’ll have to group seven people into three groups. At times, some groups can remain empty. 

Sample Question

Here’s a sample grouping question:

From a group of seven people - J, K, L, M, N, P, and Q - exactly four will be selected to attend a diplomat’s retirement dinner. Selection conforms to the following conditions:

1. Either J or K must be selected, but J and K cannot both be selected.
2. Either N or P must be selected, but N and P cannot both be selected.
3. N cannot be selected unless L is selected.
4. Q cannot be selected unless K is selected.

Out of the seven people, only four will be chosen for the dinner, but the order in which they’re chosen doesn't matter. There is simply an “in” group and an “out” group.

Setting Up Your Diagram

The grouping diagram should still have blank spots for you to fill in but should contain a table representing your “in” group and “out” group. For the sample question above, the diagram should look similar to this: 

Regardless of the game type, it would help to write your player names near your diagram. This table uses the titles “in” and “out” because the game requires you to determine which four players will be picked and which will not. Some games may require different labels and more columns.

This game also states the number of people you need to put into the “in” group, allowing you to deduce how many will be out so you can create blank spots. For games that don’t specify how many blanks should be in each group, you can leave the columns empty and fill them in as you solve the questions.

Mixed Relationships

A mixed setup can either involve ordering and grouping components or two or more grouping components.

For instance, you may have to determine which day of the week five employees will be working and whether they’re part-time or full-time. The ordering component will require you to determine which days they work, while the grouping component will figure out which employees are part-time or full-time.

On the other hand, you might also have to determine which team six players are on and which color they’ll be wearing out of three. In this case, both elements will fall under the grouping category. 

You can easily tell which questions are mixed if multiple relationships and sets of elements are involved. So, instead of just giving you names may also give you another set of elements to arrange.

Sample Question

Here is a sample mixed question that has both an ordering and grouping component:

Each of the six tasks - harvesting, milling, plowing, spinning, threshing, and weaving - will be demonstrated exactly once at a farm exhibition. No two tasks will be demonstrated concurrently. Three volunteers - Frank, Gladys, and Leslie - will each demonstrate exactly two of the tasks. The tasks must be demonstrated in accordance with the following conditions:

1. Frank demonstrates exactly one task before Gladys demonstrates any of the tasks.
2. Frank performs neither the first nor the last demonstration.
3. Gladys demonstrates neither harvesting nor milling.
4. Leslie demonstrates neither harvesting nor threshing.
5. Milling is the next task demonstrated after threshing is demonstrated.

Two sets of elements, the tasks and volunteers, indicate this is a mixed question. The fact that none of the tasks are demonstrated indicates an ordering relationship with which volunteers must be grouped. 

Setting Up the Diagram

This question may be confusing, making setting up a clear diagram with both components more challenging. In a mixed setup of this kind, it’s important to prioritize the ordering component over the grouping one. The diagram for this question can look like this:

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You can draw most mixed questions as multiple stacks, with each stack representing a different set of elements and relationships. The first set of blanks allows you to plug in which task is being completed, and the second set allows you to plug in which volunteer completes the task. 

Since each volunteer must complete two tasks, the first letter of their name is written twice. We have kept one stack in lower case and one in upper case to more easily differentiate which relationships we’re working with. 

LSAT Analytical Reasoning Question Types

Now that we’ve gone over the setup types you’ll see on the LSAT, we’ll cover different types of LSAT analytical reasoning questions to prepare you for the AR LSAT section(s). 

List Or Orientation Questions

This question is very common on the LSAT and is always the first and easiest question in each game. Each choice generally presents a complete outcome and asks which is possible or not possible. 

For instance, you could be asked which sequence students can perform in without breaking any rules. 

The best way to solve these questions is to identify the rules presented in the question and see if any are violated in each of the answer choices. Usually, all but one answer will break the rules.

Additional Condition Questions

These questions present new conditions and ask which variables might act in a specified way as a result. They typically take the format of “If (insert new condition), then which variables will (insert behavior)?”

Could Be True/False Questions

For questions that ask what could be true in a given scenario, you must find the answer that doesn’t violate any rules. Any answer that violates the rules cannot be true.  

For questions that ask what could be false, you must find the answer that could be false even in just one hypothetical scenario, in that it breaks the rules somehow. The wrong answers will be those that do not break any rules. 

If the question doesn’t provide any new rules, use your original diagram and any deductions you’ve already made to find the answer. If the questions provide new rules, you’ll have to incorporate them into a new diagram and make deductions to find the answer.

Must Be True/False Questions

Depending on the question, you must identify the answer that is true or false in every possible scenario. For questions that must be true, the answer must be true in every scenario. For questions that ask what must be false, the correct answer must be impossible or break the rules in every scenario. 

Like the previous question types, you’ll use original diagrams and deductions if no new rules are given and create a new diagram to draw inferences from the new conditions presented.

Equivalency Questions

A question may also ask you to identify a new rule that would produce the same conditions if it substituted an existing rule. This results in the exact same number of outcomes.

While this question may be challenging and take some time to solve, paying attention to the other relationships in the question can help you find the answer. See how a certain rule is impacted by another rule being replaced. From that,  eliminate wrong choices by making inferences from each answer choice. 

If you have a few answers to choose from, you’ll likely have to recreate a diagram for each to find the answer.

Maximum/Minimum Questions

While these questions are rarer in the LSAT analytical reasoning section, you should still prepare for them. You’ll have to determine the minimum or the maximum number of elements in a specific scenario. For the minimum, start with the lowest amount and make your way up. Do the opposite for the maximum. 

Completely Determines 

The answer to this question will allow you to determine a complete picture based on the correct rules. This type of question is time-consuming and will require you to test each rule to find your answer. 

If… Then Questions

These questions will have new conditions in each answer that indicate a causal relationship (i.e., if this, then that). You’ll have to determine which is true or violates the rules. 

Each answer choice will be different but will follow the same if this…then format.